The social structure in colonies of Leptothorax acervorum ants varies with location. Those in Siberia and central Europe have a number of queens that reproduce, while those in Alaska, Hokkaido and central Spain have only a single reproducing queen. In these monogynous colonies the queens engage in ritualistic antennal boxing and mandible threats to gain the right to reproduce but worker ants employ more vicious tactics, expelling, or killing, the weaker females while feeding their more dominant sisters
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